Active Learn Quick Quiz 1b.pptx
As microscopes improved, scientists saw more details inside cells. In 1828, Robert Brown (1773-1858) examined cells from the surface of a leaf and noticed that each cell contained a small, round blob. He called this the nucleus (meaning 'inner part' in Latin).
Animal cells:
| Cell structure | How it is related to its function. |
|---|---|
| Cytoplasm | A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen. |
| Nucleus | Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell's activities. |
| Cell membrane | It is permeable to some substances but not to others and so controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
| Mitochondria | Organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration. |
| Ribosomes | Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs. |
Worksheets:
Plant cells:
| Structure | How it is related to its function |
|---|---|
| Chloroplast | Organelle that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis. |
| Cell wall | Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose. |
| Permanent vacuole | Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen. |